Celebrating The First Lady of Song's 90th Birthday
by jazzcat on Apr.26, 2007, under News
The first time I ever met and interviewed Tony Bennett was in 1989. We
were supposed to be talking about his then-new album and his rapidly
reviving career, but Bennett, as I would learn, was reluctant to keep
the focus on himself. I forget what exactly it was we were discussing
when his mind drifted and landed on a seemingly random point: “Ella
Fitzgerald!” he declared, apparently out of nowhere, “Now that's my
idea of a great pop singer!” Clearly, it wasn't as arbitrary as it
seemed — when you speak of Great American Music, the great songs
and the great musicians, Ella Fitzgerald is never far from anyone's
mind.
Bennett's categorization of Ella Fitzgerald as a “pop singer,” may raise
an eyebrow or two, since Fitzgerald (1917–1996) is most often
described as the greatest jazz singer who ever sang. Yet the phrase is
more than appropriate:
Click Picture above to have Ella singing and swingin' on your cell phone!!!
Fitzgerald was, without question, the woman who
defined what a jazz singer was, a lone woman who could swing with more
energy and drive than any 16-man big band, who could improvise on the
same level as the greatest jazz soloists (including both Louis Armstrong
and Charlie Parker) and who could wail the blues like nobody's business,
even though the traditional 12-bar blues were hardly her specialty. Yet
she was also a pop singer to be compared with, say, Jo Stafford or
Margaret Whiting, who sang the Great American Songbook better than
almost anyone else, who could bring out the meaning of a song and a
lyric so that it was absolutely crystal clear and make you feel it way
down in your bones. She may not have had many hit singles, but she had
wildly successful albums — and to use another phrase borrowed from
Tony Bennett, she had a hit career.
Indeed, it was Duke Ellington who coined the phrase “beyond category” to
describe her. In a 1965 interview with Leonard Feather, Fitzgerald
stressed the importance of variety in her repertoire, the necessity of
continually switching gears: “Each time I [sing a ballad, I] probably
reach certain people who say, 'Now that's the way I dig her, that's the
real Ella.' On another show I might do a little bopping and someone else
will make the same kind of remark. Yet I don't want to feel that
everything must be in any one of those grooves or that any one [of them]
is the 'real' Ella.”
In the beginning of her career, after the young vocalist (who was born
in Virginia but raised in Yonkers, New York) won the amateur contest at
the world famous Apollo Theater, she began working with the band led by
the sensational drummer Chick Webb at the no-less famous Savoy Ballroom.
It took Fitzgerald almost no time to win the hearts of the dancers in
Harlem.
She was known as The Princess of the Savoy well before she
landed her first hit record, her swinging adaptation of the nursery
rhyme “A-Tisket, A-Tasket,” probably the song most associated with her.
Although this children's novelty might seem an inauspicious launching
pad for the artist who eventually gave us our definitive songbook albums
of the great theater-based composers, it's wise to remember that
Fitzgerald always had a playful side.
As another of her devotees, the
late jazz singer Mel Tormé once told me, “One of the things we all
loved about Ella is the fact that she had a kind of a little-girl
quality when she sang. When she did 'A-Tisket A-Tasket' she sounded like
a 14-year-old girl, even when she was 50! Then she'd turn around and
sing the Gershwin ballads and Rodgers and Hart with great maturity.”
Fitzgerald's role in Webb's band helped catapult that orchestra to the
top of the Harlem heap. Energized by her presence, the orchestra
constantly recorded and broadcast its work, and wasn't even slowed down
after Webb's death in 1939, at which point Fitzgerald was appointed
titular leader.
Fittingly for an artist who would do more than any other
performer to put the idea of the concert album on the map, live
recordings exist of Fitzgerald from the very start of her career,
including an amazing reading of “St. Louis Blues” from 1939 that is a
brilliant, early example of her remarkable scatting technique as well as
her working within a 12-bar blues format.
After reigning unchallenged as The Princess of the Savoy, someone
realized that the billing was not democratic enough; after the World War
II era, when she became perhaps the most popular exponent of the new
music known as modern jazz, Fitzgerald was rechristened The First Lady
of Jazz. In these years, her scat extravaganzas like “How High the Moon”
and “Flying Home” expanded outward using the modernistic vocabulary of
bebop. She became one of the few singers who could keep a crowd at the
edge of its collective seat for chorus after chorus of wordless
improvisation.
Yet she could and did sing lyrics brilliantly. The composer Matt Dennis
told me that when he wrote his all-time classic saloon song “Angel
Eyes,” he didn't first bring it to Nat King Cole or Frank Sinatra, who
both later sang it; his first choice was Ella Fitzgerald. She got in on
the ground floor of the pop LP in 1950, recording one of the first great
triumphs of that medium, the amazingly intimate Ella Sings Gershwin.
From 1935 to 1955, Fitzgerald recorded for Decca Records (mostly working
with producer Milt Gabler, coincidentally, the uncle of comic actor
Billy Crystal and the man responsible for Lullabies of Birdland,
Fitzgerald's classic scat compilation). In these years, the label
claimed, she sold 22 million records for them.
In 1956, she switched to Verve Records, under the stewardship of her
manager, Norman Granz, and it was there that the two of them perfected
two new forms of the pop album, the live-in-concert recording
(Fitzgerald recorded so many of these that many of them are still
waiting to be issued), which resulted in such classics as Ella in
Berlin: Mack the Knife, and the songbook album, which reached its apogee
in 1957 with her four-LP Ella Fitzgerald Sings the Duke Ellington Song
Book.
She upped the stakes still higher with the even more ambitious
George and Ira Gershwin Songbook, her most celebrated collaboration with
Nelson Riddle, one of the greatest popular music orchestrators. By now,
she had moved so far beyond the parameters of what is normally
classified as jazz — appearing in mainstream concert halls all
over the world and regularly on TV — that she was re-rechristened
The First Lady of Song.
The decade she spent at Verve (1956–1966), like colleague Frank
Sinatra's roughly contemporaneous period at Capitol Records, is
generally considered the high point of Fitzgerald's recording career. In
these years, she continued a tradition she had begun earlier of teaming
up with the upper echelon of bandleaders and fellow singers. In the
'40s, she crossed cadenzas with the two greatest musician/singers named
Louis, Armstrong and Jordan (on the rather bloodthirsty mock-calypso hit
“Stone Cold Dead in the Market”).
In 1956 and 1957, collaborating with
Armstrong (one of her own original inspirations), she recorded three of
the most celebrated duet albums, which climaxed in Porgy and Bess and
“Summertime,” another Fitzgerald perennial. Granz also brought her
together with Count Basie and Joe Williams (then Basie's vocalist) and
Duke Ellington (on the Songbook album project and elsewhere).
While most performers of her generation were slowed down by the sea
change in American pop that engulfed the 1960s, Fitzgerald continued
unscathed, even occasionally including songs by The Beatles and other
contemporary groups in her act. She was busier than ever in the 1970s,
continuing to tour and record constantly for Pablo Records, a new label
also run by Granz. Albums like A Classy Pair, one of several later
team-ups with Count Basie, and Fitzgerald & Pass … Again, a
whispery-soft, highly personal meeting with the outstanding guitarist
Joe Pass, show that even in her later years, Fitzgerald was always
inspired by the presence of compatible company.
Fitzgerald was easily the most prolific and incessantly busy of all the
great jazz-and-pop divas, recording consistently until shortly before
her 72th birthday in 1989, and continuing to work on the road until a
few years before her passing in 1996. By then, acolyte Tormé had
taken her traditional billing and added yet another new dimension to it:
Correctly divining that her musical abilities were nothing less than
spiritual, he began referring to Ella Fitzgerald as The High Priestess
of Song.
Brought to you by URGE
http://www.urge.com/launch/?section=stories&page=story&mode=story_90_10&
id=86961&referrer=php&source=efitzgeral